The Scope of Civil Engineering

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Civil engineering is one of the oldest disciplines of engineering. As we have learnt in small classes, the basic needs of Human being are; Food, Clothing and Shelter. So, Civil Engineers are serving one of the basic needs of Human being.
Even the very ancient man history knows, wanted to build a shelter for them for their security, comfort etc. Even they have used the science that they knew for the construction of their shelter. According the history, even the stone-age man has made his shelter by boring the tree. That means they have engineered their own shelters by the knowledge that was available for them. In other terms, they have engineered their own shelters.
As the man evolved, even this discipline of engineering evolved. Now the Civil Engineers are capable of constructing Sky scrapers in reclaimed land, they can create structures that could withstand earthquakes, typhoons, tsunamis etc. This is the evolution. The evolution has really widened the scope of Civil Engineering.
Due to the evolution in Civil Engineering, many sub-disciplines to Civil Engineering have developed. The sub disciplines include:
·         Structural Engineering
·         Geotechnical Engineering
·         Hydraulic Engineering
·         Environmental Engineering
·         Coastal Engineering
·         Material Science and Engineering
·         Earth quake Engineering
·         Control Engineering
·         Forensic Engineering
·         Transportation Engineering
·         Municipal or Urban Engineering
·         Construction Engineering
·         Surveying
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Introduction to Civil Engineering

This is a small part from the Original Article on Civil Engineering, Click Here to view the main article.
A proper introduction to Civil engineering is required for all students and professionals wishing to enter this field. Selecting a career is an important turning point in all individuals’ life. So, when selecting a field, we should have a sufficient amount of knowledge about the type of the field that we are going to learn, the industry that we are going to be putted on, the types of work we will have to do once we are in the industry etc. I hope this article will be helpful.
Another reason for this article is that there are many myths about civil engineering prevalent in the society which gives an entirely different picture about civil engineering to the common society. Due to these myths, certain people strongly believe that Civil Engineering is not a good field for females. These results in situations such as, certain women who really love Civil Engineering don’t end up in learning that because the society doesn’t permit them.
The society has started to believe the HARD HAT is the stethoscope for civil engineers. Yah, Civil engineers wear this once they are in the site, if they are site engineers or when they make a site visit for consultation purposes. But, how can that be the stethoscope for a Civil Engineer? The truth is, it is just a Personal Protection Equipment (PPE). The laborers use it more often than the engineers. I do not know of anything for Civil Engineers like the stethoscope for Doctors. Doctors will carry that wherever they go and that gives them an identification and respect. Civil Engineers simply have nothing like that.
Another myth that is prevalent is, Civil Engineers are responsible for the look and beauty of a building or any Civil Engineering structures. People credit or discredit the Civil Engineers by the look of the building or any other Civil engineering structure. This is not true in all situations. Except for certain complicated Civil Engineering structures, the design and look of all the other buildings are done by Architects along with the client (the owner of the building). There are many design drawings necessary for construction of a building. Many of them are designed and drawn by the Engineers. But what the society believes is, it’s civil engineers who draw the Architectural drawing and Architectural Drawing is the only drawing necessary for the construction of a building. Architect along with the Client decides how the building should look like and how the activity spaces (kitchen, bath room, hall etc.) has to be arranged etc. Architect and Client put on the complete imagination. The imagination will be made into reality by the Civil Engineers. It’s them who decide all the other parameters of the structure including the specification of the foundation and other structural elements, how the construction should be carried out in the environment etc. by considering the needs and wants of the client that are translated to the Civil Engineer by the aid of a Architectural drawing by an Architect.
Another and one of the very dangerous myths is, if the building or any Civil Engineering structure failed, engineers are the completely responsible for it. This has made a great fear in the society and this not 100% truth. The Civil Engineer has to take the responsibility only if the contractor has constructed it completely following the recommendations of the Civil Engineer. If that can be proven, Civil Engineer has to take the responsibility. Another very basic cause for the failure of the structures is using the structure for causes other than for what the structure was initially required. For an example, if a structure failed because a helicopter was landed on the structure and the structure was not designed for that purpose, the engineer can never be responsible. This is a very rare case and this won’t happen because they are technical people and we can’t expect them to do this great error. Let us take a very common example. Say an engineer designed a slab for a second floor for residential purpose. After construction, the owner used that area as a car park, parking huge vehicles, in that situation, if the structure fails; the Civil engineer is not responsible. These are very obvious cases, so engineers don’t have to fear.
A person can ask a question that, if the above said were not the reason for the failure and failure is solely because of the error in calculation by the engineer, are they not responsible? Yes, they are responsible in these cases. But, the chances for these situations are really low, because the engineers today, don’t do the calculations manually, almost all the calculations are computerized. It’s computers and reputed software that do the necessary calculations. So, the margin for error is very low.
Even then the Civil Engineers have a small risk. But remember, it is the risk which makes Civil Engineers superior.
So, what actually is Civil Engineering? And actually are Civil Engineers?
Engineering by definition means the application of the acquired scientific knowledge. It is scientist who research and develop scientific theories and laws. It’s Engineers who use those theories and laws for practical problems and find a solution for the practical issues.
How can this definition be applicable for civil engineering?
Civil engineering means to apply the knowledge acquired using scientific methodology to fulfill the requirements of the Clients by designing, building, maintaining and improving Buildings and Civil Engineering Structures. They design the parameters of the foundation, parameters of the structure etc.

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Soil Mechanics- Why Should I learn it as a Civil engineer?


1. What is Soil?
2. What is Soil Mechanics?
3. Why should I learn about Soil Mechanics as a civil engineer?

What is Soil?


A very simple definition that can be given for this is "Soil is the Outermost layer of the earth" or "Upper layer of the earth" or "Skin of the earth". It is a marvelous product of nature. It is a very important natural resource.

Soil serves all living organisms and non-living things. The first ever service it does is, It bears all the load. It and its derivatives are the habitat for majority of the living organisms. It stores all the minerals we require and provides those minerals to us in a convenient way. For an example, if we plant a vegetation on it, it will supply the stored minerals to that vegetation. Finally, we consume those minerals. Soil gives the best habitat for certain microbes that decomposes the waste that are produced in a daily basis at all residences. If conditions are met, soil also preserves the organic waste under it for many years and convert it to crude oil, doing its contribution to the energy need of Human-being.

Soil is one of the main ingredients in making up the human body. Many minerals that are in the human body have been rooted from soil. We  understand this simply. We consume vegetation, vegetation consume soil. So, as a vegetarian, we consume the minerals from soil. If we are a non-veg, we consume meat of an animal that has already consumed minerals of the earth, or this chain has the same steps over and over.

Soil is not a single thing, it is a constituent of many things, all of its constituents take time to become soil. Even  the faeces of animals get converted to soil with time.

What is Soil Mechanics?


Soil Mechanics is a science, especially physics. This deals with the properties and behavior of soil. There was a vital need for the emergence of such a field in the midst of existing fields such as Solid mechanics, Fluid Mechanics, etc. The need was created because,

  • Soil has many varying features than being it a pure solid or pure fluid, 
  • There was a vital need to understa end the physical properties of soil very deeply because that knowledge has a lot of applications.
The science of Soil Mechanics is applied is Soil Engineering or Geotechnical Engineering. This is a sub-discipline of Civil Engineering. Therefore the root cause for the development of Civil engineering as any other engineering is the development of the related science and technology.

In simple terms, Soil Mechanics can be defined as "The science that is concerned with the soil's physical characteristics and behaviors"

Why should I learn about Soil Mechanics as a Civil engineer?


Civil engineer is the professional who design and construct artificial structures or who designs and construct built environment on pre-existing natural environment. These structures are founded in soil to make it static and stable. A Civil engineer should have a sound knowledge on the properties of the soil because it is soil that is going to bear the structure ultimately.

Apart from soil bearing all the loads, it also acts as a building material. It acts as a building material both in raw state and also in processed state. It is used as a construction material in raw state in earth dams, embankments etc. and is used as a construction material in processed state as clay brick, cement stabilized earth bricks etc.

So, Soil is very close to the Civil Engineering Industry. Therefore, all Civil Engineers should have a sound knowledge about Soil and its properties.